Basic Knowledge for Civil Engineers

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Most undergrads are recruited by construction companies in the country. So, as a field or design civil engineer, the following basic knowledge of civil engineering must be on the tip all the time:
  • All field and lab tests for cement, aggregate, sand and concrete.
  • Lab tests of soil, both surface and foundation soil.
  • Proficient use of all the surveying equipment, including auto-levelling and triangulation devices.
  • Civil Engineer have good knowledge of codal provisions of RCC structures and Steel.
  • Design parameters of both vertical and horizontal curves during road construction.
  • Length to height ratio, thickness of the wall and area of other rooms while designing a building.
  • All design parameters of civil engineering (field of study). 

Basic Things in Civil Engineering -

Concrete GradeMix Ratio (cement : sand : aggregates)     Compressive   Strength
MPa (N/mm2)     psi
Grades of Concrete
M5                             1 : 5 : 105 MPa725 psi
M7.51 : 4 : 87.5 MPa1087 psi
M101 : 3 : 610 MPa1450 psi
M151 : 2 : 415 MPa2175 psi
M201 : 1.5 : 320 MPa2900 psi
Standard Grade of Concrete
M251 : 1 : 225 MPa3625 psi
M30Design Mix30 MPa4350 psi
M35Design Mix35 MPa5075 psi
M40Design Mix40 MPa5800 psi
M45Design Mix45 MPa6525 psi
High Strength Concrete Grades
M50Design Mix50 MPa7250 psi
M55Design Mix55 MPa7975 psi
M60Design Mix60 MPa8700 psi
M65Design Mix65 MPa9425 psi
M70Design Mix70 MPa10150 psi

CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT-




1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm                                                       2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm    
3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm     4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm     
5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm                                                 6.COLUMN : 40 mm

7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm                                                 7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm
8.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm       9.BEAMS : 25 mm
 10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm                                                  11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm
12. RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth                           13.SLABS : 15 mm
UNIT WEIGHT -
01. Concrete - 25 kN/m3                                  02. Brick - 19 kN/m3
03. Steel - 7850 Kg/m3                                    04. Water - 1000 Lt/m3
05. Cement - 1440 Kg/m3                               06. 1Gallon - 4.81 Litres

07. Link 8"  = 200mm                                       08. 1 Hectare - 2.471 acr(10000m2)
09. 1 Acr 4046.82m2  = 100 cent

We hope you found this guide & useful information on the concrete types available to this Blog. Please Comment your view point regarding this post.